124121 (2025)

Industries like pulp and paper production consume vast amounts of water and generate effluents containing complex pollutants like lignin, chlorinated compounds, and various micropollutants (pharmaceuticals, pesticides).

(crude or purified) are highly active but difficult to recover, making them expensive for large-scale use. 124121

Biocatalysis, specifically using enzymes like laccases , offers a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to traditional chemical treatments. Free vs. Immobilized Enzymes: Industries like pulp and paper production consume vast