Circular Economy (500+ RECENT)

Keep materials at their highest value through reuse, repair, remanufacturing, and recycling.

Companies can adopt "Product-as-a-Service" models (e.g., leasing equipment instead of selling it) or use industrial symbiosis , where one company's waste becomes another's raw material. Practical handbooks like A Circular Economy Handbook can help guide these transitions. circular economy

The Ellen MacArthur Foundation defines three primary principles that drive this system: Keep materials at their highest value through reuse,