In Thailand, the presence of kathoeys is a long-standing and visible part of the social landscape.

: Researchers emphasize the importance of support systems and safe spaces to mitigate the physical and mental health risks associated with systemic harassment and oppression. Respectful Engagement

: Kathoeys are active in many sectors, including entertainment, fashion, and beauty, but they also occupy professional roles throughout Thai society. Legal and Social Realities

: While "ladyboy" is common in tourist and English-speaking contexts, many transgender women in Thailand prefer the term phuying (meaning "woman").