While mostly faithful to the spirit of the books, some castles vary; for instance, the Eyrie is significantly larger in the show's intro than its book description.
While certain "anchors" appear in almost every episode, the extended version showcases the new territories added as the War of the Five Kings began in Season 2. Game Of Thrones Extended Opening Castles From Seasons 1 2
The first Essos location to track Daenerys' journey. While mostly faithful to the spirit of the