: He describes it as a large-scale distribution of one-directional, impersonal messages to a vast, anonymous audience.
: He updated traditional theory by categorizing new media into interpersonal communication, interactive play, information search, and collective participatory media. Latest Edition (7th Ed, 2020) McQuail Mass Communication Theory: Models & Functions McQuail's Mass Communication Theory
McQuail provides a comprehensive roadmap of the field, organizing theories into several key frameworks: : He describes it as a large-scale distribution
: He categorizes the "intent" behind communication through specific models: transmission, ritual/expressive, publicity/attention, and reception. impersonal messages to a vast