: Allying with the Central Powers led to total defeat and occupation.
The Ottoman Empire (1299–1922) was one of history's most powerful and long-lasting dynasties, spanning three continents at its peak. 1. Foundation and Growth (1299–1453) : Founded the principality in northwestern Anatolia. OsmanlД± Tarihi
: Reforms in the 19th century modernized education and the military. : Allying with the Central Powers led to
: Mustafa Kemal Atatürk founded the Republic of Turkey in 1923. OsmanlД± Tarihi
: Increasing debt and nationalist uprisings weakened central control. 4. Collapse (1908–1922)