Sthambham -

: Typically located near the Dhwaja Sthambham, it serves as a platform for ritual offerings to the guardian deities of the temple.

: These pillars are believed to be areas where the deity's power is concentrated. Devotees often offer prayers to the sthambham before entering the main sanctum. Historical Examples UGRA STAMBHAM - Ahobilam Hindu temple Ahobilam, Andhra Pradesh, India STHAMBHAM

: The pillar represents the axis mundi, connecting the heavens and the earth. Its placement is often calculated based on geo-magnetic and astronomical forces to channel energy to devotees. : Typically located near the Dhwaja Sthambham, it

: Specific to the deity of the temple—Garuda sthambhas are found in Vishnu temples , while Nandi sthambhas are located at the entrance of Shiva temples . STHAMBHAM